Yemen and Saudi Arabia: A Documented Reading of Interventions and Confrontations
The same instrument, applied to a live event.
Window: 1 Mar 1934 00:00 → 18 Oct 2026 23:59 (+03:00)
Yemen and Saudi Arabia: what does the evidence establish, and what remains one side's account?
A party calling its strike a response does not establish that it was one.
The read
Yemeni authorities and forces have varied over time, as have their relations with Saudi Arabia. This reading follows selected milestones in that relationship: border fighting, support for local forces, military intervention, restrictions, negotiations and settlements. We name the forces and authorities at the time of each event, and distinguish their roles from Yemenis' views and aspirations. The map locates what we read as precisely as the information allows, while the timeline helps trace the sequence. Establishing an event, attributing it to an actor, and saying it was a response to another event are separate questions. Establishing a connection requires evidence beyond their order in time.
Yemen and Saudi Arabia: A Documented Reading of Interventions and Confrontations
What does the evidence establish about interventions and confrontations between Saudi Arabia and Yemeni forces, and what remains one side's account?
What is established
The relationship between Saudi Arabia and Yemeni forces extends beyond exchanges of strikes with the Houthis. The selected material includes border fighting, support for local forces, military intervention, restrictions and negotiations. Sources on settlements also show the role of agreements and political processes in understanding this relationship.
What remains unsettled
This material presents a bounded sample. A comprehensive count of operations and casualties, and responsibility for the war as a whole, remain beyond its scope. Some events are established while their perpetrators or outcomes remain disputed. Some declared reasons for retaliation still require independent evidence. Assessing popular support for Yemeni forces also requires evidence of its own, alongside information about territorial control and formal recognition.
Who represents Yemen?
Formal recognition, territorial control and popular support have different meanings. For each event, we name the authority or force involved at that time and distinguish its role from the views of residents. The map shows event locations and national boundaries; understanding political loyalties requires sources of its own. A limited Sana'a Center survey found a difference between views of Houthi operations in the Red Sea and views of the group itself. The survey offers a picture of its participants within the sample limits the source explains. It helps distinguish support for an action from support for its actor. Assessing political majorities and the popularity of forces at this file's cutoff requires a current, representative measure.
The glow marks where the selected event is placed; it does not measure severity. Approximate places are flagged on the card.
Made with Natural Earth v5.1.2Palestine boundaries: OCHA / Palestinian Ministry of Planning, CC BY-IGO
An armed incursion, fighting with border guards and the capture of positions.
Jabal al-Dukhan and Jazan · A Saudi patrol and border positions
3 killed and 15 wounded in a later Saudi count (Reuters, 9 Nov 2009, citing a Saudi official)
The Houthis said they were responding to Saudi Arabia letting Yemeni attacks use its territory; a claimed cause, not independent.
Source: Stabroek News (Reuters text, 9 Nov 2009) · SWI swissinfo.ch (Reuters text, 6 Nov 2009) · RFE/RL (Reuters text, 23 Nov 2009)
Start of Saudi air strikes and operations to drive the fighters out of border positions.
Jabal al-Dukhan and northern Saada · Houthi positions near the border
Statements conflict on whether the strikes hit inside Yemen or inside Saudi territory.
Source: Critical Threats (dated compiled record; its sources are named inside it) · SWI swissinfo.ch (Reuters text, 6 Nov 2009) · Stabroek News (Reuters text, 9 Nov 2009)
Saudi Arabia announced it had retaken Jabal al-Dukhan.
Jabal al-Dukhan, Jazan · Houthi positions on Jabal al-Dukhan
The announcement of control is established; field verification of the whole area is limited.
Source: Stabroek News (Reuters text, 9 Nov 2009) · The National, report dated 9 November 2009
A naval blockade imposed or continued to stop weapons from arriving.
The Red Sea off northern Yemen · Possible maritime supplies to the Houthis
The blockade actually began before 10 November, but its exact day is not known.
Source: Al Jazeera, 10 Nov 2009 · Critical Threats (dated compiled record; its sources are named inside it)
The Houthis announced they shelled Saudi positions in response to air strikes that hit civilians.
Jazan · Saudi positions, including Ain al-Harra
Independent verification that the positions were hit is not available.
Source: Critical Threats (dated compiled record; its sources are named inside it)
Fighters clashed with Saudi soldiers in a new incursion.
The Jazan and Saada border · Saudi soldiers
3 Saudi soldiers killed, per a Saudi source (Reuters, 23 Nov 2009)
The soldier toll was reported from a Saudi newspaper.
Source: RFE/RL (Reuters text, 23 Nov 2009) · Critical Threats (dated compiled record; its sources are named inside it)
The Houthis announced they captured soldiers, and Saudi Arabia acknowledged that soldiers were missing.
The border area · Saudi soldiers
The numbers of missing and captured differ; the handover of one of them was established in February 2010.
Source: Critical Threats (dated compiled record; its sources are named inside it) · Al Jazeera, 15 Feb 2010
Air strikes continued and control of Jabal al-Dud was announced; the Houthis denied the control.
The border and Saada · Houthi positions and Jabal al-Dud
That military operations took place is established; control on the ground is disputed.
Source: Critical Threats (dated compiled record; its sources are named inside it)
Apache and artillery strikes to stop border crossings.
Jabal al-Dud and Jabal al-Rumaih · Houthi positions near the crossings
A US diplomatic cable confirms a general Saudi campaign continued, but it does not independently verify the details or locations of the 3 to 6 December strikes; the detailed account of the strikes comes from Saudi newspapers relayed by Critical Threats.
Source: Critical Threats (dated compiled record; its sources are named inside it) · US diplomatic cable 09RIYADH1593, 7 December (describes a continuing campaign, partly relying on the Saudi press)
Saudi sources said they repelled an attack; the Houthis announced control.
Al-Jabiri, Jazan · The al-Jabiri position
The outcomes of the clash conflict.
Source: Critical Threats (dated compiled record; its sources are named inside it) · Al Khaleej newspaper, 12 December 2009
Air and artillery bombardment during the battles for the crossings.
Jabal al-Dukhan and al-Jabiri · Houthi fighters
AFP and newspaper reports of 12 and 13 December confirm fighting and the use of helicopters at al-Jabiri; the exact attribution of the 12 December strike's target and its justification come from Saudi military statements.
Source: Critical Threats (dated compiled record; its sources are named inside it) · Al Rai, Kuwait (relaying AFP and Saudi sources), 13 December
Air strikes took place that the Houthis attributed to Saudi Arabia; the Yemeni army acknowledged a bombardment and attributed it to itself.
Razih, Saada · The village of Bani Maan
70 killed and more than 100 wounded, according to the Houthis (AFP, 14 Dec 2009; not verified)
Neither the perpetrator nor the toll can be settled.
Source: Malaysiakini (coverage relayed from AFP; the page could not be opened) · Critical Threats (dated compiled record; its sources are named inside it)
Katyusha rocket fire on Saudi positions was reported during the clashes.
Jazan and the border mountains · Positions on the Saudi border
The number of casualties was not determined.
Source: Critical Threats (dated compiled record; its sources are named inside it)
The Houthis claimed air strikes hit civilian homes.
Razih, Saada · Homes in Razih
54 killed, per a Houthi claim (Reuters, 21 Dec 2009; not verified)
Reuters stated that independent verification was not possible.
Source: RFE/RL (Reuters text, 21 Dec 2009) · Critical Threats (dated compiled record; its sources are named inside it)
A ground and air assault after a deadline to surrender.
Al-Jabiri, Jazan · Houthi fighters at al-Jabiri
The report of operations on 25 December comes from a press source quoting Saudi bodies; the ultimatum dated 23 December is established, but the execution and its exact timing were not independently verified.
Source: Critical Threats (dated compiled record; its sources are named inside it) · Yemeni journalist Nasser Arrabyee, 25 December (relaying Saudi and local sources) · Arab News, the al-Jabiri ultimatum, 23 December
The Houthis announced that Saudi aircraft bombed several areas.
Saada · Sites in al-Malahidh
No independent confirmation of who carried out each strike.
Source: Critical Threats (dated compiled record; its sources are named inside it)
The Houthis claimed civilians were killed in two air strikes.
The Saada border · Homes and a market
16 killed, according to the Houthis (Critical Threats citing Reuters, 4 Jan 2010)
Neither the number nor the air force responsible was confirmed.
Source: Critical Threats (dated compiled record; its sources are named inside it)
Saudi Arabia announced it had retaken the al-Jabiri area.
Al-Jabiri, Jazan · Houthi fighters at al-Jabiri
"Hundreds" of Houthis, according to Saudi Arabia (International Crisis Group, January 2010)
The control and the toll need independent verification. The Crisis Group link is official and returned HTTP 403 to the checking tool; the content was matched against the readable CrisisWatch archive copy used in the research, without using the staging domain in the table.
Source: International Crisis Group 2010 · Critical Threats, review of 13 January 2010 · L’Orient-Le Jour, Saudi announcement on Al-Jabiri, 12 January 2010
The group announced its withdrawal from Saudi territory and offered a truce.
Inside Saudi Arabia near the border · The positions that were under Houthi control
Local Yemeni sources denied that the withdrawal was complete. The Crisis Group link is official and returned HTTP 403 to the checking tool; the content was matched against the readable CrisisWatch archive copy used in the research, without using the staging domain in the table.
Source: Khaleej Times (Reuters text; stated in the article header) · International Crisis Group 2010
The government announced a ceasefire after the Houthis accepted its conditions.
Saada · The Saada fronts
The halt to operations is included because it closes the round of fighting. The Crisis Group link is official and returned HTTP 403 to the checking tool; the content was matched against the readable CrisisWatch archive copy used in the research, without using the staging domain in the table.
Source: Human Rights Watch 2010 · International Crisis Group 2010
The group began handing over captured Saudi soldiers as part of carrying out the truce.
Saada · Saudi prisoners
A release of prisoners, not an attack.
Source: Al Jazeera, 15 Feb 2010 · International Crisis Group 2010
Start of inspections and restrictions on maritime traffic and shipping.
Yemen's ports · Ships bound for ports in Houthi-held areas
Gradual measures; no evidence that all ports were closed from the first day.
Source: UN Panel of Experts 2019 · Human Rights Watch, economic facilities
Start of the air campaign "Decisive Storm".
Cities in Yemen · Houthi and Saleh forces
Military intervention to support the declared Hadi government, after the Houthi advance.
Source: Human Rights Watch, World Report 2016 · Human Rights Watch, Saada investigation
An air strike hit the camp.
Al-Mazraq, Hajjah · The camp for displaced people
At least 29 killed and 41 wounded (Human Rights Watch, al-Mazraq camp)
The toll is from the Human Rights Watch source.
An air strike on a dairy factory.
Hodeidah · A dairy factory
At least 31 killed (Human Rights Watch, World Report 2016)
The toll is in the Human Rights Watch report.
Air strikes that used US-made cluster munitions.
Saada · Populated areas
The date is precise to the month.
An air strike on the home of the Daghfal family.
Saada · The home of the Daghfal family
7 killed (Human Rights Watch, Saada investigation)
An independent investigation at the strike site.
An air strike on the home of the al-Sabra family.
Saada · The home of the al-Sabra family
4 killed (Human Rights Watch, Saada investigation)
The number is in the Saada investigation.
An air strike on the fuel station.
Saada · The Jarman fuel station
At least 5 killed and 23 wounded (Human Rights Watch, Saada investigation)
Not to be added to overall tolls that already include this event.
Cross-border rocket and artillery fire from 5 to 11 May.
Najran and Jazan · Populated Saudi areas and military sites
At least 12 civilians killed, per the Saudi authorities (Human Rights Watch, cross-border shelling)
Human Rights Watch documented the shelling itself, not each separate official figure.
Source: Human Rights Watch, cross-border shelling
Declared response → 8 May 2015: The coalition declared both cities general military targets, and bombing followed the announcement. (The coalition announced it was targeting Saada and Marran in response to Houthi shelling of the cities of Najran and Jazan in May 2015; the link applies to the announcement, not to the lawfulness of each strike.)
Air strikes hit the home of the al-Abi family and the cultural centre.
Saada · The al-Abi home and the cultural centre
28 killed, 27 of them from one family (Human Rights Watch, Saada investigation)
A Human Rights Watch investigation.
The coalition declared both cities general military targets, and bombing followed the announcement.
Saada · Saada and Marran
A declared response to the shelling of Najran and Jazan; it does not justify any specific strike.
Source: Human Rights Watch, Saada investigation · Human Rights Watch, cross-border shelling
Air strikes on a market and the buildings around it.
Saada · A market next to the Imam al-Hadi mosque
Casualties, without an independent total (Human Rights Watch, Saada investigation)
Source: the Saada investigation.
Bombing of a girls' school.
Saada · The al-Munadil Hussein Fayed girls' school
No one killed inside the school (Human Rights Watch, Saada investigation)
The school was closed, according to the Human Rights Watch investigation.
A strike on the market and the orchard.
Zabid, Hodeidah · A market and a lemon orchard
At least 60 civilians killed (Human Rights Watch, World Report 2016)
The number is in the organisation's annual report.
A Scud launch that Saudi Arabia said it intercepted.
Khamis Mushait, Saudi Arabia · The area of a Saudi military base
No deaths reported (Reuters, republished by La Tribune)
The interception and the identification of the target are reported from Riyadh. [GPT check: Reuters relays the Saudi defence ministry statement on the interception; independent verification of the interception is not established.]
An air strike hit a market.
Hajjah · The Mithaq Aahim market
At least 65 killed (Human Rights Watch, World Report 2016)
The toll is documented in a human rights report.
Air strikes hit the heating tower and the mixing and water area of the cement factory.
Amran · The Amran cement factory
12 wounded; part of 64 injured in three attacks on the site (Human Rights Watch, Bombing Businesses (2016))
Investigation of 13 facilities, the July bombing; the overall toll of 15 killed relates to the February 2016 strike.
Source: Human Rights Watch, Bombing Businesses report (2016 field research)
Air strikes on a residential compound for workers.
Al-Mokha, Taiz · Housing for workers at the al-Mokha power station
65 killed and 42 wounded (Human Rights Watch, economic facilities)
The toll is from the Human Rights Watch investigation.
An air strike destroyed a bottled-water factory during a work shift.
Abs, Hajjah · The al-Sham water-bottling factory
14 killed and 11 wounded (Human Rights Watch, Bombing Businesses (2016))
Independent witnesses and a site inspection; the coalition denied it was a civilian factory and claimed it had a military use.
Source: Human Rights Watch, Bombing Businesses report (2016 field research)
A missile or shell hit Shiara hospital and destroyed the inpatient and surgery ward.
Razih, Saada · The Shiara hospital building
The organisation gave no specific toll for the September attack (Doctors Without Borders, later documentation)
Doctors Without Borders confirmed the September 2015 shelling in later documentation; this source gives no independent evidence of who the attacker was. The hit is established by MSF; the perpetrator is unknown, and the report did not confirm it was the Saudi coalition.
A Tochka missile hit a coalition camp.
Marib · A coalition forces site
45 Emiratis and 5 Bahrainis, per the authorities (Al Jazeera, the Marib attack)
An unestablished Saudi toll is not added. [GPT check: the soldiers' deaths and the identification of the weapon come mainly from government statements; independent verification of this operation is not established.]
Source: Al Jazeera, the Marib attack
An air strike on a plastic bag factory in the al-Aqil compound.
Sanaa · The al-Aqil industrial compound
1 killed and 3 wounded (Human Rights Watch, Bombing Businesses (2016))
The September event is different from the strike on the compound the following January.
Source: Human Rights Watch, Bombing Businesses report (2016 field research)
A strike with a British-made missile destroyed a ceramics factory.
Bani Matar, Sanaa · The Radfan ceramics factory
1 killed and 2 wounded (Human Rights Watch, Bombing Businesses (2016))
The person killed was a guard at a nearby detention centre, not a factory worker, according to the investigation.
Source: Human Rights Watch, Bombing Businesses report (2016 field research)
An air strike on a house during a wedding.
Sanaban, Dhamar · A wedding party
43 killed, according to a human rights investigation (Human Rights Watch, the Sanaban wedding)
Source: Human Rights Watch.
Air strikes destroyed spare-parts stores of an electricity distribution facility.
Hodeidah · Two warehouses of the Hodeidah electricity company
No casualties (Human Rights Watch, Bombing Businesses (2016))
The HRW investigation mentions a house used by fighters 100 m away; this record does not judge whether the strike was lawful or unlawful.
Source: Human Rights Watch, Bombing Businesses report (2016 field research)
Air strikes destroyed a hospital supported by Doctors Without Borders.
Haydan, Saada · Haydan hospital
No deaths; one staff member was lightly injured during the evacuation, per MSF (Doctors Without Borders, September 2016 update)
The organisation documented the site.
Use of Brazilian-made cluster munitions.
Ahma, Saada · Populated areas
At least 4 wounded (Amnesty International, Brazilian munitions)
An Amnesty team investigated the remnants of the bombardment.
An air strike near a field clinic.
Al-Hawban, Taiz · A Doctors Without Borders tent clinic
1 killed and 8 wounded (Doctors Without Borders, December 2016)
A Doctors Without Borders report.
Three air strikes on the factory, its two bottling lines and its production stores.
Sanaa · The Coca-Cola factory
5 wounded (Human Rights Watch, Bombing Businesses (2016))
US-made weapons identified from remnants.
Source: Human Rights Watch, Bombing Businesses report (2016 field research)
A missile attack on a military site.
Taiz · A coalition forces command site
A Saudi officer and an Emirati officer, per the coalition (Al Jazeera, two officers in Taiz)
No additional independent numbers are established. [GPT check: the casualties and the actor rest mainly on a coalition statement and relaying coverage; an independent investigative source is needed.]
Source: Al Jazeera, two officers in Taiz
Use of British-made BL-755 cluster munitions, according to remnants investigated by Amnesty International.
Hajjah · The al-Khadra area near the border
No death toll was given for this strike (Amnesty International)
Amnesty documented the use of the munition; 19 December 2016 is the date the coalition admitted limited use of the type and pledged to stop, not the date of a strike.
Source: Amnesty International, BL-755 investigation · Saudi Press Agency, 19 December 2016
An air strike hit the chamber of commerce building and damaged its archive.
Al-Hasaba, Sanaa · The chamber of commerce building
One guard wounded (Human Rights Watch, Bombing Businesses (2016))
Remnants of British guided munitions, according to the HRW investigation.
Source: Human Rights Watch, Bombing Businesses report (2016 field research)
Two air strikes on stores of food and building materials.
The Hodeidah to Sanaa road · Hodeidah warehouses
No casualties (Human Rights Watch, Bombing Businesses (2016))
Remnants of a British Paveway IV bomb made in May 2015.
Source: Human Rights Watch, Bombing Businesses report (2016 field research)
A projectile fell at the entrance of Shiara hospital, which Doctors Without Borders supports.
Razih, Saada · Shiara hospital
6 killed and 7 wounded (Doctors Without Borders, September 2016 | Doctors Without Borders, December 2016)
The projectile and the casualties are documented by Doctors Without Borders; the source does not establish a Saudi identity.
Source: Doctors Without Borders, September 2016 · Doctors Without Borders, December 2016
An air strike hit a laboratory and offices at a pharmaceutical factory.
Sanhan, Sanaa · The Biopharm pharmaceutical factory
No casualties (Human Rights Watch, Bombing Businesses (2016))
HRW inspected the production site and the remnants of a guided bomb.
Source: Human Rights Watch, Bombing Businesses report (2016 field research)
Two strikes hit food and battery factories in the al-Aqil compound.
Sanaa · The al-Aqil industrial compound
1 killed and 26 injured (Human Rights Watch, Bombing Businesses (2016))
A second part, separate from the 16 September 2015 event; the toll of 2 killed and 29 wounded is not added again.
Source: Human Rights Watch, Bombing Businesses report (2016 field research)
Three successive air strikes on a site in Dahyan; the third hit an ambulance that had come for the injured.
Saada · An ambulance
18 killed and 36 wounded in the series of strikes on the site, including the ambulance driver and a health worker who were killed, per MSF (Doctors Without Borders, September 2016 update)
The toll of 18 and 36 belongs to the series of Dahyan strikes on 21 January 2016, per a later MSF review, not to the ambulance alone; the first update on 22 January mentioned six deaths in several strikes.
Source: Doctors Without Borders, sequence of attacks on medical facilities · Doctors Without Borders, statement of 22 January 2016
Two strikes near a tea and rice store in the al-Shihab compound.
Sanaa · The al-Shihab industrial compound
No casualties in the 29 January strikes (Human Rights Watch, Bombing Businesses (2016))
The 30 January toll is not repeated.
Source: Human Rights Watch, Bombing Businesses report (2016 field research)
Air strikes on stores of milk powder and tea and on manufacturing offices.
Sanaa · The al-Shihab industrial compound
1 killed and 3 wounded (Human Rights Watch, Bombing Businesses (2016))
This is the event that caused the toll at the site; the day after the first strikes.
Source: Human Rights Watch, Bombing Businesses report (2016 field research)
An air strike hit the factory entrance and nearby homes and shops.
Amran · The Amran cement factory
15 killed and 49 wounded (Human Rights Watch, Bombing Businesses (2016))
The report contradicts itself in its introduction about 2 February, but the witness and GPS account places the strike on 3 February; 3 February is used, and the conflict is stated.
Source: Human Rights Watch, Bombing Businesses report (2016 field research)
An air strike hit an industrial sewing workshop.
Sanaa · The Middle East sewing and embroidery workshop
1 killed (aged 16) and 3 wounded (Human Rights Watch, Bombing Businesses (2016))
HRW investigated the event with its date and site.
Source: Human Rights Watch, Bombing Businesses report (2016 field research)
Air strikes on the cement crusher and the quarry, using cluster munitions.
Amran · The crusher of the Amran cement factory
2 guards seriously wounded and another lightly injured (Human Rights Watch, Bombing Businesses (2016))
A third part of the strikes on the Amran cement factory; the tolls of the earlier attacks are not repeated.
Source: Human Rights Watch, Bombing Businesses report (2016 field research)
Two air strikes on a crowded market.
Hajjah · The Mastaba market
At least 97 civilians killed, including 25 children (Human Rights Watch, Mastaba market | Human Rights Watch, review of coalition investigations)
A Human Rights Watch investigation; the coalition claimed its target was an armed gathering.
Source: Human Rights Watch, Mastaba market · Human Rights Watch, review of coalition investigations
Repeated artillery fire on Saudi border towns.
Najran and Jazan · Saudi civilian neighbourhoods
29 killed and 300 injured in Najran during August, per the Saudi authorities (Human Rights Watch, World Report 2017)
A monthly Saudi toll, not to be added to daily records that may overlap with it. [GPT check: the monthly count of killed and wounded is from the Saudi authorities; the human rights report does not verify each shell on its own.]
Restriction of commercial flights to Sanaa airport, and their actual halt.
Sanaa · Commercial flights at Sanaa airport
Some humanitarian flights continued under restrictions; the date of the ban is from a UN report.
An air strike hit Abs hospital, which Doctors Without Borders supports.
Abs, Hajjah · Abs hospital
19 killed and 24 wounded (Doctors Without Borders, September 2016 | Doctors Without Borders, December 2016)
Doctors Without Borders figures.
Source: Doctors Without Borders, September 2016 · Doctors Without Borders, December 2016
Detention of 12 Yemeni fishermen, including three children, during the interception of fishing boats.
Near Dafnan island, Red Sea · Fishing boats and fishermen
12 detained, per an HRW investigation (Human Rights Watch, investigation of the maritime attacks)
The detention began around 16 October 2016, and some were held for more than two years; no death toll is assumed. HRW investigators recorded information on 12 detainees, including three children, and the detention is attributed to Saudi forces; it does not overlap with the 2018 fishing boat events.
Source: Human Rights Watch, investigation of maritime attacks
Bombing of a funeral hall; the coalition team admitted that the intelligence was wrong.
Sanaa · The Great Hall funeral hall
At least 100 killed and more than 500 wounded (Human Rights Watch, the funeral strike | Human Rights Watch, review of coalition investigations)
No evidence that it was a direct response to a specific Houthi attack.
Source: Human Rights Watch, the funeral strike · Human Rights Watch, review of coalition investigations
The Houthis fired a ballistic missile that Saudi Arabia announced it intercepted.
The Mecca/Jeddah area · A disputed target inside Saudi Arabia
No known casualties (Human Rights Watch, the missiles on Riyadh)
Saudi Arabia said the target was Mecca, and the Houthis announced it was Jeddah airport; the launch is a separate matter from the dispute over the target.
Rocket fire with Brazilian-made cluster munitions hit the officers' quarter near two schools.
Saada · Residential neighbourhoods near two schools
2 killed and 6 wounded (Human Rights Watch, investigation published 23 December 2016)
The event is dated 6 December and the investigation was published on 23 December. HRW judged a launch by Saudi forces likely from the weapon and the direction, but said attribution needs further investigation; the strike and the casualties are established.
Source: Human Rights Watch, investigation of the 6 December 2016 attack · Human Rights Watch, March 2017 update
An armed attack on a Saudi frigate.
The Hodeidah coast · A Saudi frigate
2 killed and 3 wounded, according to the coalition (Reuters, via Yahoo | Saudi Press Agency)
The Houthis claimed the attack, and the weapon details are from the coalition statement. [GPT check: the details and toll of the frigate attack come from the coalition announcement and the Houthi claim; independent proof of the details is not clear.]
Source: Reuters, via Yahoo · Saudi Press Agency
Launch of Brazilian-made cluster rockets whose submunitions fell in residential neighbourhoods.
Saada · Homes and farms
2 civilians injured (Amnesty International, Saada munitions)
An Amnesty International investigation.
An air strike destroyed the home of the Tawfiq al-Saadi family.
Al-Qubari quarter, Fiftieth Street, Sanaa · The home of the Tawfiq al-Saadi family
4 civilians killed, including 3 children, and 8 wounded (Human Rights Watch, investigation of five air strikes in 2017)
The 9 June 2017 strike is separate from the July and August strikes; the number is not a total for the series of strikes. A separate dated event, not a grouping heading; the casualties are documented in an HRW report.
Source: Human Rights Watch, investigation published September 2017
An air strike on the home of the Halabi family.
Taiz · The home of the Halabi family
8 killed, 5 of them children (Human Rights Watch, five air strikes in 2017)
A Human Rights Watch investigation.
An air strike on housing for displaced people.
Al-Ashira, al-Mokha, Taiz · Housing for displaced families
14 killed, 9 of them children (Human Rights Watch, five air strikes in 2017)
Testimonies and documents in the investigation.
An air strike hit a grocery shop.
Al-Hamli village, Mawza, Taiz · A civilian grocery shop
4 civilians killed, including 2 children, and 3 injured (Human Rights Watch, investigation of 12 September 2017)
A separate event from the al-Ashira strike on the same day; the source investigates both. The grocery strike is separate from al-Ashira on the same day, 18 July, according to the HRW investigation.
Source: Human Rights Watch, investigation of 12 September 2017
The group announced it fired a missile at Yanbu.
Yanbu, Saudi Arabia · An oil facility, according to the Houthis
No established casualties (Human Rights Watch, the shelling of Riyadh and Yemen)
Whether the missile arrived and hit the facility is disputed.
Source: Human Rights Watch, the shelling of Riyadh and Yemen
An air strike destroyed the family home.
Al-Safra, Saada · The home of the al-Zarafi family
9 killed, including children (Human Rights Watch, five air strikes in 2017)
Accounts differ on the number of children, so their number is not settled here.
Air strikes hit three residential buildings.
Faj Attan, Sanaa · Residential buildings
At least 16 killed and 17 injured (Human Rights Watch, five air strikes in 2017)
The coalition acknowledged the strike and said it was a technical error.
An air strike on a market.
Saada · A market
31 killed, including 6 children, per a UN statement (Human Rights Watch, the shelling of Riyadh and Yemen)
No verified causal link to any specific Houthi operation.
Source: Human Rights Watch, the shelling of Riyadh and Yemen
A missile fired toward Riyadh airport.
Riyadh · King Khalid airport
No known injuries (Human Rights Watch, the shelling of Riyadh and Yemen | Sanaa Center, 2017 review)
The authorities announced that the missile was intercepted.
Source: Human Rights Watch, the shelling of Riyadh and Yemen · Sanaa Center, 2017 review
A full closure of the entry points.
Yemen · Yemen's land, air and sea entry points
A declared response to the Riyadh airport missile.
Source: Human Rights Watch, the shelling of Riyadh and Yemen · Sanaa Center, 2017 review · UN Panel of Experts 2019
A partial easing of the closure of the entry points.
Hodeidah, al-Salif and Sanaa · Entry points for relief
Not all commercial restrictions were lifted.
Source: Sanaa Center, 2017 review · UN Panel of Experts 2019
A missile fired toward Riyadh that the Houthis announced was aimed at the royal palace.
Riyadh · Al-Yamamah palace, according to the group
No confirmed injuries (Reuters via Yahoo Finance)
The interception is the Saudi account. [GPT check: the Houthi and Saudi accounts of the al-Yamamah palace missile; the row has no independent verification of the missile's path.]
Source: Reuters via Yahoo Finance
Interception of seven boats and detention of 91 fishermen for about forty days.
Near the Zubair islands, Red Sea · The fishing boats and 91 fishermen
1 injured and 91 detained, according to an HRW investigation (Human Rights Watch, the maritime investigation)
It happened in mid-March, and the date is precise to the month; the group was released after about 40 days. An HRW review documented the interception of seven boats and the detention of 91 fishermen from them; this is a detention event, not killings.
Launch of seven ballistic missiles, according to the coalition.
Riyadh, Najran, Jazan and Khamis Mushait · Riyadh and cities in southern Saudi Arabia
One Egyptian killed and 2 injured, per the Saudi authorities (Human Rights Watch, March 2018 missiles | Reuters via Egypt Today, March 2018)
Interception debris caused injuries, according to Riyadh.
Source: Human Rights Watch, March 2018 missiles · Reuters via Egypt Today, March 2018
A missile fired at Riyadh; Saudi Arabia said it intercepted it.
Riyadh · The Saudi defence ministry, according to the Houthis
No independent toll (Al Jazeera, the April missile)
The target is the one the group announced, not one from an independent investigation. [GPT check: the report relays the Houthi statement and the Saudi air defences; there is no independent verification of a hit on the target or of the interception.]
Source: Al Jazeera, the April missile
An air strike on a house during a wedding party.
Bani Qais, Hajjah · A wedding party
At least 22 killed, including 8 children, and 54 injured (Human Rights Watch, investigation of the Bani Qais wedding)
The toll is from the Human Rights Watch investigation.
Source: Human Rights Watch, investigation of the Bani Qais wedding
Start of a large-scale assault on the city and the port, with air and naval support.
Hodeidah · Houthi positions near the port
The ground forces were mostly Yemeni and supported by the UAE; they are not automatically attributed to the Saudi army.
Source: Human Rights Watch, World Report 2019 · United Nations, the Stockholm Agreement
An attack on two Saudi oil tankers; Saudi Arabia temporarily suspended their transit.
Bab al-Mandab, Red Sea · Two Saudi oil tankers
No deaths established (Reuters via Euronews, the oil tankers)
The suspension of shipping is a Saudi navigation decision, not a new blockade on Yemen. [GPT check: the identification of the two tankers and the results of the strike rest on statements by parties to the conflict; the original report does not establish independent field verification.]
A naval attack on a first fishing boat carrying 14 fishermen; 7 were killed at once and 4 died later after they stayed in the sea.
Near Zuqar island, Red Sea · Fishing boats
11 killed (7 in the attack and 4 drowned later); the injuries are part of a total of 6 for the two events (Human Rights Watch, the attacks on fishing boats)
Only the first of the two Zuqar attacks on the same day in mid-August 2018; the second event is E2-064 (4 killed). The total for the two incidents is 15 killed and 6 wounded per HRW, not for each boat on its own.
A separate attack by a helicopter that took off from a coalition ship on a boat carrying ten fishermen.
Near Zuqar island · A second fishing boat about two miles from the first boat
4 killed (Human Rights Watch, 2019 maritime investigation)
The second of the two mid-August attacks near Zuqar, linked in time to E2-054 only; the combined 15 killed are not repeated.
Source: Human Rights Watch
An attack hit and destroyed a fishing boat.
Off al-Khawkhah, Red Sea · A fishing boat
7 killed and 2 injured (Human Rights Watch, investigation of the maritime attacks)
HRW interviewed relatives of those killed and relayed survivors' testimonies; an air strike is mentioned as possible without settling the means. The al-Khawkhah event of 1 August differs in place and date from the two mid-August attacks near Zuqar island (E2-054 and E2-064).
Source: Human Rights Watch, investigation of maritime attacks
Explosions and strikes hit the market area and the gate of al-Thawra hospital.
Hodeidah · The fish market and the gate of al-Thawra hospital
26 killed in a preliminary medical count (Reuters via Euronews, the Hodeidah market)
The investigation into who carried it out is incomplete; the number is preliminary and does not combine other figures.
A ballistic missile launch that Saudi Arabia announced it intercepted.
Jazan, Saudi Arabia · The Jazan area
1 killed and 11 injured, per the Saudi authorities (Human Rights Watch, Dahyan)
The HRW source documented the link the coalition used to justify the later air strike.
Source: Human Rights Watch, Dahyan
An air strike on a market hit a bus carrying children.
Dahyan, Saada · A children's bus in a market
At least 26 children killed and 19 injured, according to an HRW investigation (Human Rights Watch, Dahyan)
The coalition announced it targeted those responsible for the Jazan attack, then admitted the attack was a mistake; the link is a statement, not a legal justification.
Source: Human Rights Watch, Dahyan
An attack on a fishing boat and the arrest of survivors.
Off the Eritrean coast · A fishing boat
7 killed, 4 wounded and 12 detained (Human Rights Watch, the attacks on fishing boats)
The source is survivors' testimonies in an HRW investigation.
An attack on a fishermen's boat.
Off the Eritrean coast · The fishing boat Fares
18 killed and one survivor injured (Human Rights Watch, the attacks on fishing boats)
Attributed to naval forces taking part in the coalition, according to an HRW investigation.
A military campaign and attacks continued around the port of Hodeidah before the truce.
Hodeidah · Houthi positions near Hodeidah
Describes a period of fighting, not a single strike; losses recorded in individual rows are not repeated.
Source: Human Rights Watch, World Report 2019 · United Nations, the Stockholm Agreement
The ceasefire in Hodeidah took effect.
Hodeidah · The Hodeidah fronts
The Stockholm Agreement was concluded a few days earlier; this row about the halt concerns field operations only.
Source: United Nations, the Hodeidah truce takes effect · United Nations, Security Council resolution 2451 · United Nations, the Stockholm Agreement
A drone attack on two oil pumping stations.
Saudi Arabia · Two Aramco pumping stations
Limited damage; no confirmed casualties (The source shown in sources)
The Houthi side claimed the attack; the coalition confirmed the site was hit.
Source: Al Jazeera
Air strikes hit populated areas.
Sanaa · Declared military sites and residential buildings
6 killed and 60 wounded, according to the Houthis; a Reuters correspondent saw the body of a woman (The source shown in sources)
The overall number is from the Houthi authority, and the journalist observed the destruction at the site.
Source: Reuters via Euronews
A projectile hit the arrivals hall, according to a coalition statement.
Saudi Arabia · The arrivals hall of Abha airport
26 wounded, according to the coalition (The source shown in sources)
The report took the details from a coalition statement; the type of projectile and the casualties were not independently verified. [GPT review, status rule for whether the attack happened: the Houthi claim to have fired the projectile is matched by the coalition's acknowledgement that the arrivals hall was hit; status ok for the attack happening only, not for the number wounded or the weapon type.]
Source: Reuters via Euronews
A second attack on the airport.
Saudi Arabia · Abha airport
One Syrian killed and 21 wounded, according to the coalition (The source shown in sources)
The casualty statements are from the coalition; no independent documentation here. [GPT review, status rule for whether the attack happened: the Houthi claim and the coalition's acknowledgement of the attack on Abha; ok for the attack happening only, and the casualty numbers stay attributed to the coalition.]
Source: Reuters via Euronews
Drones caused a limited fire.
Eastern Saudi Arabia · The Shaybah gas facility
No deaths, per a Saudi industry source (The source shown in sources)
The Houthis said 10 drones and a Saudi source suggested three; the number is not settled.
Source: Reuters via Euronews
Air strikes destroyed a detention building.
Dhamar · A detention centre under Houthi control
More than 100 killed, as estimated by the Red Cross after visiting the site (The source shown in sources)
Bellingcat judges that the attack likely began just before midnight on 31 August; the figure of about 170 is the number of detainees, not the final death toll.
Source: Red Cross · Bellingcat
Strikes on oil facilities; a Houthi claim that UN experts concluded was not true.
Eastern Saudi Arabia · The Abqaiq and Khurais plants
Oil production disrupted; no deaths established (The source shown in sources)
"Unsupported" refers to the Houthi claim; the attack is established, and no other perpetrator is established.
Source: Reuters via Investing.com, on UN experts · United Nations, Panel of Experts report S/2020/326, annex 14
Several air strikes during the night of 14 to 15 February hit housing.
Al-Maslub, al-Jawf · Housing in the village of al-Saida
About 32 killed and 21 wounded, per the panel of experts (The source named in sources)
It happened after a Saudi aircraft came down; causation is not established by the order of events alone.
Source: UN Panel of Experts S/2021/79
Explosions and missile interceptions, according to the Saudi authorities.
Saudi Arabia · Riyadh and Jazan
No confirmed toll (The source named in sources)
No established immediate claim by the party that fired the projectiles was available.
Source: Reuters via Investing.com
Start of a unilateral ceasefire for two weeks.
Yemen · A halt to offensive operations announced by the coalition
A decision on the state of operations; the Houthis rejected its terms, and it is not documentation that fighting stopped completely.
Source: Al Jazeera/agencies
Three air strikes hit a residential area.
Al-Masafa, al-Jawf · Residential homes
10 civilians killed and 4 wounded (The source named in sources)
Testimonies and images with documented location and time were investigated.
Source: Yemeni Archive
A missile hit a fuel tank at an oil distribution station.
Jeddah, Saudi Arabia · An Aramco distribution station
No deaths reported (The source named in sources)
The missile type, Quds-2, is from the Houthi announcement and is not independently established.
Source: Al Jazeera/agencies
Intensified coalition air strikes to stop the Houthi advance during 2021.
Marib · Houthi positions on the Marib front
No independent toll for this period (The source shown)
A grouping row for a period of fighting; it does not stand for a number of separate strikes.
Source: Human Rights Watch
A drone strike set fire to a civilian aircraft.
Saudi Arabia · Abha airport
No deaths reported (The source shown)
The coalition confirmed the aircraft fire; the number of drones announced by the Houthis is not verified.
Source: Al Jazeera/agencies
The group launched a drone and the coalition announced it intercepted it.
Saudi Arabia · Abha airport
No announced injuries (The source shown)
The two sides disagreed on whether the target was hit; the outcome has no independent verification. [GPT review, status rule for whether the attack happened: the Houthi announcement of the launch and the coalition's confirmation that it intercepted a drone at Abha airport; ok for the attempt happening, while reaching the target has two different accounts.]
Source: Al Jazeera/agencies
Claim of drone and missile launches toward Saudi sites.
Saudi Arabia · Facilities at Ras Tanura and other cities
No confirmed losses (The source shown)
The two sides' statements alone do not establish a hit on Ras Tanura or the number of projectiles. [GPT review, status rule for whether the attack happened: the Houthis announced the attack, and the Saudi energy ministry confirmed that Ras Tanura facilities were targeted and an attempt was made at Dhahran without casualties or damage; ok for the attack happening only.]
Source: Reuters via Investing.com · S&P Global, citing the Saudi energy ministry
Coalition air strikes on Sanaa and other sites; a Reuters correspondent saw strikes and smoke near a military compound in Sanaa.
Sanaa and other governorates in Yemen · Sites the coalition described as Houthi military sites
No independent casualty toll for this group (Reuters via The Straits Times; Al Jazeera, coverage of 7 March 2021)
The coalition stated that the operation followed drone attacks on Saudi Arabia on 7 March. Reuters saw air strikes and smoke near Sanaa University; the strikes are established regardless of whether the military sites were correctly identified or of the casualty numbers.
Source: Reuters via The Straits Times · Al Jazeera
A cross-border projectile fell in a civilian area.
Jazan · A populated area and shops
2 killed (a Saudi and a Yemeni) and 7 wounded, according to Riyadh (The source shown)
Coverage relayed the authorities' statement on the actor and the casualties. [GPT review, status rule for whether the attack happened: the Houthi statement that missiles were fired at Jazan is matched by the coalition's acknowledgement that a projectile fell in the city; ok for the event happening, and the toll stays attributed to Saudi Arabia.]
Source: Reuters via Yahoo News
Air strikes the coalition announced it carried out after the Jazan projectile.
Sanaa and other areas · Sites the coalition said were launch sources
Reports of civilian injuries, without an independent toll (The source shown)
The coalition announced they were a response to the Jazan attack; this does not establish the nature of each target. [GPT review, status rule for whether the attack happened: the Reuters source relayed the coalition's announcement that it struck the site in response to Jazan; there is not enough independent documentation of the specific strikes. The announcement establishes the statement, not that each strike happened.]
Source: Reuters via Yahoo News
Drone and projectile attacks set oil tanks on fire.
Musaffah, UAE · ADNOC tanks and the area around Abu Dhabi airport
3 killed and 6 wounded, per the Emirati authorities (The source named in sources)
The attack is established; the UAE is a direct external party taking part in the coalition.
Source: Human Rights Watch and Mwatana
Air strikes destroyed residential buildings and the home of the Houthi brigadier al-Junaid.
Sanaa · The home of a Houthi commander and nearby homes
10 killed and 9 wounded, according to witnesses (The source named in sources)
Testimonies and a comparison of satellite images; it came after the Abu Dhabi attack.
Source: Human Rights Watch and Mwatana · UPI relays the coalition statement on the response, 17 January 2022
An air strike destroyed the telecommunications site; an internet outage of four days followed.
Hodeidah · The building of the Public Telecommunications Corporation
5 killed and 20 wounded, according to an investigation by Mwatana and HRW (The source named in sources)
The strike was on 20 January and the outage from 21 to 25 January; not to be added to the Saada casualties.
Source: Human Rights Watch and Mwatana
Air strikes on a detention centre that the coalition said was a military security facility.
Saada · A Houthi-run detention centre
82 killed and 162 wounded in hospitals, including victims of gunfire by Houthi guards (The source named in sources)
The hospital count includes 16 deaths and 35 gunshot injuries; do not attribute all of them to the air strike.
Source: Human Rights Watch and Mwatana · Amnesty International
A projectile hit an industrial area and caused injuries.
Dhahran al-Janub, Saudi Arabia · An industrial area
2 injured, a Bangladeshi and a Sudanese, per the Saudi authorities (The source named in sources)
The technical attribution of the party and the projectile type were not independently verified.
Source: Al Jazeera
A missile attack intercepted by the air defences of the UAE and the United States.
The UAE · Targets in Abu Dhabi and al-Dhafra air base
No deaths reported (The source named in sources)
US Central Command confirmed that Patriot batteries engaged the missiles.
Source: Al Jazeera
A missile attack the UAE announced it intercepted.
The UAE · Abu Dhabi, and a claim about Dubai
No confirmed injuries (The source named in sources)
The interception comes from the parties' statements; the claim of a strike on Dubai is not established. [GPT review, status rule for whether the attack happened: a Houthi claim of the 31 January attack with the Emirati air defences' announcement of the interception; ok for the attempted attack only, and it does not establish a strike on Dubai.]
Source: Al Jazeera
Drones and missiles hit facilities and temporarily cut a refinery's output.
Jazan, Yanbu and al-Shuqaiq, Saudi Arabia · Energy and desalination facilities
No deaths, according to Saudi Arabia (The source named in sources)
The Saudi energy ministry acknowledged damage at the site; the numbers of projectiles are from the parties.
Source: Reuters via Euronews
A strike hit two tanks and caused a fire and thick smoke.
Jeddah · Aramco petroleum products depots
No announced deaths (The source named in sources)
A Reuters correspondent saw the fire; the Houthis claimed the attack.
Source: Reuters via Euronews
Air strikes on Houthi areas after the Jeddah attack.
Sanaa and Hodeidah · Sites the coalition said were sources of threat
At least 7 killed, according to local reports; no independent verification of the toll (The source named in sources)
The coalition announced its response; the announcement does not establish that the targets were correctly identified.
Source: Al Jazeera
Start of a truce that covered a halt to air, ground and sea operations and to cross-border attacks.
Yemen and Saudi Arabia · Offensive actions by both sides
A new military state, not a promise that all violations will disappear.
Source: United Nations
The truce was extended for two months.
Yemen and across the border · The freeze on offensive operations continued
An operational event, not a strike.
Source: United Nations
The truce period ended without agreement to renew it.
Yemen · The truce in force
The end of the truce does not mean that Saudi air strikes automatically resumed.
Source: Sanaa Center · United Nations
Eight incidents of ground shelling that Mwatana attributed to the Saudi border guard during 2023.
The border area in northern Yemen; the annual report did not name all the districts · Populated areas on the Yemeni side of the border
No separate toll for the eight incidents; the total of 77 killed and injured covers 32 shelling incidents by all parties, not Saudi Arabia alone. (Mwatana, annual summary published 11 January 2024)
A period row, not a single incident; the figure of 77 is not attributed to the border guard. Most casualties of the border shelling were in Saada, according to the Civilian Impact Monitoring Project, but the source does not break down the eight incidents by place.
Source: Mwatana · US State Department report
Direct meetings as part of the Omani and Saudi efforts to end the fighting.
Sanaa, Yemen · Discussion of a ceasefire and settlement arrangements
Negotiation does not mean signing a final agreement or a permanent halt to operations.
Source: Reuters via Investing.com · Al Jazeera
Exchange and return of 869 detainees from 14 to 16 April, then a separate unilateral release of 104 on 17 April.
Sanaa, Aden, Marib, al-Mokha, Abha and Riyadh · Detainees linked to the conflict
973 detainees released and returned, not deaths (The source named in the sources field)
Two separate operations within a period row; the numbers are not a death toll and must not be added to other operations.
A Houthi delegation travelled with an Omani delegation to Riyadh to negotiate a permanent ceasefire.
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia · The negotiating track for a permanent ceasefire
The delegation's visit from 14 to 18 September was confirmed by the UN and the Saudi foreign ministry after it ended; this round alone did not lead to a permanent ceasefire agreement.
Source: Reuters via Investing.com · Office of the UN Special Envoy for Yemen, confirmation of the Ansar Allah delegation's visit to Riyadh, 20 September 2023 · Qatar News Agency relays the Saudi foreign ministry statement on the meetings of 14 to 18 September
A drone attack hit positions of Bahraini forces stationed with the coalition.
Near the Saudi-Yemeni border, on Saudi territory · Bahraini military personnel in the Saudi-led coalition forces
2 killed at once, and the number rose to four after wounded people died later; per Bahrain and AP (The source named in the sources field)
The attack and the first losses are confirmed by the UN; the perpetrator is not independently established, so actor=unknown, while status ok applies to the attack happening, which the UN confirmed; its attribution to the Houthis is not established. Four deaths in total for the same incident; do not add 2+4. Status rule adjusted according to Claude's revised review: ok for the attack happening only, and actor=unknown because responsibility was not independently established.
Source: United Nations, Yemen envoy · Reuters via Yahoo News · Associated Press
Announcement that the parties committed to a set of preliminary measures and a UN roadmap covering a ceasefire, salaries and ports.
Riyadh and Muscat/Yemen · Commitments to a national roadmap for a ceasefire and economic measures
Political commitments and a roadmap still in preparation, not a final agreement in force and not a return to the truce on a set date.
Source: Office of the UN Special Envoy for Yemen · Saudi Press Agency
A de-escalation agreement was announced that cancels the reciprocal banking measures and plans to resume and increase Yemenia flights.
Yemen and Saudi Arabia · The banking sector and Yemenia flight routes
An economic understanding document; measures of the Yemeni government or the Houthis are not attributed to the Saudi army only because of political support.
Source: Office of the UN Special Envoy for Yemen · Saudi Gazette relays the Saudi foreign ministry position
Seven incidents of ground shelling that Mwatana attributed to the Saudi border guard in 2025.
The Yemeni-Saudi border strip; the summary did not name the districts · Civilian areas targeted by ground shelling
No separate toll is known for the seven incidents; the figure of 18 killed and 28 wounded covers all 25 shelling incidents carried out by several parties. (Mwatana, 2025 summary published in 2026)
A period row for 2025; the attribution is from Mwatana's documentation, and the toll for all parties is not attributed to these seven incidents. The summary page does not give the districts of the events.
Source: Mwatana
An air strike put the Sanaa airport runway out of service to stop an Iranian aircraft from landing; the Yemeni government acknowledged it carried it out.
Sanaa, Yemen · The runway of Sanaa International Airport
No independent toll (Reuters (saw the smoke))
The ministry acknowledged the strike, and journalists saw its effects. The aircraft landed in Hodeidah, while the nature of its passengers and cargo is disputed. Saudi support does not make actor=ksa.
Source: Reuters
Missiles launched from Yemen toward Abha after the Sanaa strike; Saudi Arabia announced it intercepted them.
Abha, Saudi Arabia · Abha airport and the southern region of Saudi Arabia
No confirmed casualties (Reuters)
The Houthi side announced the response and the end of the de-escalation. ok for the launch, not for a hit on the airport.
Source: Reuters
The movement declared a naval blockade targeting Saudi Arabia.
The Red Sea and Bab al-Mandab · Saudi ships and cargo bound for Saudi Arabia
That the declaration was made does not mean a full naval blockade was achieved. It enters the record as a military measure directed at Saudi Arabia.
Source: Reuters
The movement announced it attacked two Saudi oil tankers.
The Red Sea · Two oil tankers the movement said were Saudi
No independently documented losses (Reuters)
The report relayed the Houthi claim; it does not establish that a hit actually happened or the extent of the damage.
Source: Reuters
Missile and drone launches; Saudi Arabia announced it intercepted a missile toward Riyadh.
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia · Targets in Riyadh and King Khalid airport, in the Houthi claim
No confirmed deaths; smoke was seen near the airport (The source given in sources)
ok for the launch and the interception attempt only; it does not confirm a hit on the airport or the claimed missile type.
Source: Reuters, 19 September 2026 · Associated Press
The Houthis claimed they targeted an oil facility in Yanbu.
Yanbu, Saudi Arabia · An Aramco oil facility in Yanbu
No losses or fires confirmed by an independent source (The source given in sources)
The interceptions announced near Yanbu do not confirm a hit inside the Aramco facility.
Source: Reuters, 19 September 2026 · Associated Press
Coalition air support during the Yemeni government forces' offensive to retake positions near Bab al-Mandab.
The west coast of Yemen · Houthi positions in the Bab al-Mandab and al-Mokha areas
Casualties on the front are not separately verified (The source given in sources)
A period event precise to the month; it does not count each sortie separately; accounts differ on the situation on the ground in al-Mokha.
Source: Reuters, 7 October
Cross-border air strikes on two Saudi facilities; the authorities did not state which site was hit on the 6th and which on 7 October.
Riyadh and Abha, Saudi Arabia · King Khalid airport in Riyadh and Abha airport
1 killed and 8 wounded in Riyadh; 2 killed and 28 wounded in Abha, per the Saudi General Authority of Civil Aviation (The source specified in sources)
A period row for the two incidents reported on Tuesday and Wednesday; the numbers are not the toll for all of October. Do not invent a separate day for each site.
Source: Reuters, 7 October 2026
The coalition announced air strikes on more than 80 sites it said were military.
Saada, Hodeidah, al-Jawf and Marib, Yemen · Alleged Houthi military sites
No independent toll was available for each site (The source specified in sources)
The number and the nature of the sites appeared in the coalition statement relayed by Reuters; its announcement is not an independent survey of each strike. The coalition announced the response to the airport attacks.
Source: Reuters, 7 October 2026
A new attack on Riyadh airport and a Saudi aircraft during the escalation.
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia · King Khalid airport and a Saudi aircraft
3 Saudis killed, per the Saudi aviation authority and AP coverage (The source specified in sources)
This strike came after the incident of 6 and 7 October. Reuters and AP confirm it happened; the account of the weapon type is not established here.
Source: Associated Press, 9 October 2026
A missile or drone attack hit the airport and caused large numbers of casualties.
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia · The passenger terminal of King Khalid International Airport
12 killed and 309 wounded, per the Saudi aviation authority at the time of the Reuters report (The source specified in sources)
The numbers are from a Saudi official on the date of publication; later updates (13 killed) may concern this strike or a combined toll; do not add them automatically.
Source: Reuters, 10 October 2026 · Associated Press, 12 October
Another projectile hit a passenger terminal, one day after the strike of 10 October.
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia · The arrivals hall of King Khalid International Airport
One Pakistani killed and 11 injured, according to field sources (The source specified in sources)
An event separate from the 10 October strike; its numbers are not added to the overall toll until the date of the count is checked.
Announcement that two ballistic missiles fired toward Riyadh were intercepted.
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia · Riyadh and King Khalid airport, according to the Houthi announcement
No announced losses from the two interceptions (The source named in sources)
ok for the launch attempt and the interception according to both sides, not for a hit on a target inside the airport.
Saudi air strikes on oil and fuel sites in Houthi-held areas.
Al-Sabaha near Sanaa and Ras Isa near Hodeidah, Yemen · Oil tanks and storage and distribution sites of the Houthi authorities
2 killed in a local toll relayed by journalists; no independent toll for the event (The source named in sources)
That the strikes happened does not establish that every target was military; the Houthis described the later attacks as a response to these strikes.
Source: The Guardian, 13 October 2026 · Associated Press, 14 October
A missile strike hit an Aramco company building and caused a limited fire and damage.
Dhahran, Saudi Arabia · Aramco's administrative headquarters
No deaths announced (The source named in sources)
The strike is dated 13 October; a report of 14 October confirms the fire on the word of the energy ministry; the weapon type is not inferred from the outcome.
An air bombardment hit homes and, according to the Houthi authorities, killed children.
Dhamar, Yemen · Homes in the village of al-Ar in Dawran Anis district
3 children killed (aged 8, 10 and 10) and more than 12 wounded, according to the Houthi health ministry (The source named in sources)
The event is dated Friday 16 October according to an AP report published on Saturday the 17th; the identity of the perpetrator and the toll come from a Houthi body only. Do not add the combined figure of 124 killed in their areas to this event.
Source: Associated Press via Local10, 17 October · Associated Press via Times of Israel
An air strike hit a house and caused casualties, according to sources of the Houthi authorities.
Sahar, Saada, Yemen · A civilian house in Sahar district
9 killed, including 5 children and 2 women, and 19 injured, including 11 children, according to the Houthi health ministry (The source named in sources)
Separate from the Dhamar event of 16 October; the air strike was reported through a Houthi source, and Saudi involvement is not independently confirmed.
Source: Associated Press, 18 October
A military helicopter crashed and its pilots were killed, with a dispute over the cause of the crash.
Najran, near the Yemeni border · A Saudi AH-6i military helicopter
2 Saudi pilots killed, according to official statements and press coverage (The source named in sources)
The incident is confirmed, but a Houthi shoot-down may not be treated as established on a claim alone against a different Saudi explanation; actor=unknown.
Source: Financial Times, 18 October · Associated Press, 18 October
Border fighting between Saudi and Yemeni forces; Saudi forces advanced to Hodeidah in May 1934.
The border areas and Hodeidah · Forces of the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen
A war between two states before the Houthi movement existed; the start of the war is dated to the month.
Source: Sanaa Center for Strategic Studies · King Saud Library
Hostilities ended with the Treaty of Taif, which provided for the withdrawal of forces.
Jeddah and the border · The warring forces
An agreement that ended the operations of the 1934 war; not a new military strike.
Saudi money and weapons supplied to the royalists in the Yemen war; pilots who defected with a load of weapons in early October exposed these supplies.
North Yemen · Republican forces
Military support for the royalists is established; the exact day the shipments were sent is not settled, and Saudi documents deny sending Saudi troops to fight.
Source: Brookings Institution · US State Department, 5 October 1962 · Historical study
A southern force seized a Saudi border post.
Al-Wadiah · A Saudi police post
Some of the garrison were killed and the rest were captured (US intelligence memorandum, 4 Dec 1969)
South Yemen was an independent state at the time, not the current government. Context retained from the former link field, rather than an automatic judgement between two rows: 'The Saudi mobilization and counterattack came in response to the border attack.'
A ground and air counterattack supported by F-86 aircraft; Saudi Arabia announced it had retaken al-Wadiah.
Al-Wadiah and Sharurah · South Yemeni forces
The southern claim that four Saudi aircraft were shot down is not established.
Source: US State Department documents, 1969 · Sanaa Center, the border
Saudi Arabia gave support to southern groups during the civil war.
South Yemen · Southern factions opposed to Sanaa
The source does not state the form or size of the military supply; funding, policy and weapons must be told apart.
Border clashes between Saudi and Yemeni forces.
Uruq bin Hamudah, Hadramawt · The forces of the other side
The source does not make clear who started the clash.
Source: Sanaa Center, the border
Conclusion of the International Boundary Treaty between the Republic of Yemen and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in Jeddah.
Jeddah
The treaty was concluded in Jeddah and entered into force on 4 July 2000. The Jeddah glow identifies the place of conclusion; the boundary and later disputes require separate examination of their sources.
The first round of fighting between the government and the Houthis.
Saada · Hussein al-Houthi's fighters
An internal Yemeni event; a direct Saudi strike is not established.
Source: Human Rights Watch 2008
The founder of the Houthi movement was killed near the end of the first round.
Saada · Hussein Badreddin al-Houthi
The sources do not attribute the killing to Saudi Arabia.
The second round of the Saada wars.
Saada · Fighting against the Houthis
No documented direct Saudi strikes in this round.
Source: Human Rights Watch 2008
The third round of the Saada wars.
Saada · Houthi forces
Scope note: a local Yemeni military context.
Source: Human Rights Watch 2008
The fourth round of the Saada wars.
Saada · Houthi forces
Claims of early Saudi support are not established in the source.
Source: Human Rights Watch 2008
The fifth round, with government restrictions on the movement of goods.
Saada · Houthi forces and areas of Saada
The restrictions here are attributed to the Saleh government, not to Saudi Arabia.
Launch of Operation "Scorched Earth" in the sixth round.
Saada, Amran and al-Jawf · Houthi positions
The local offensive came before the border war with Saudi Arabia.
Source: Human Rights Watch 2010 · Critical Threats (dated compiled record; its sources are named inside it)
Signing of a transfer-of-power settlement and its implementation mechanism under the GCC Initiative.
Riyadh
A Yemeni settlement within a GCC and UN framework. Its description distinguishes the roles of the participants; assessing popular acceptance requires independent evidence. The two opened pages support the signing date. Indexed UN text supports Riyadh as the venue, while direct access to that page failed in this round. The link must pass the release check.
Source: UNDP, Transitional Program 2012–2014 · UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office, statement of 23 November 2011 · Office of the UN Special Adviser, transition background
An early presidential ballot was held with a single consensus candidate, Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi, under the transition agreement.
Yemen; presidential ballot
This was a single-candidate ballot under a transitional arrangement. Comparing popular support for different forces requires other evidence. The date is the polling day; the oath of office is dated separately when discussed. The location is national and is displayed as text on the map.
Opening of the National Dialogue Conference as part of Yemen's political transition.
Sanaa
Implementation of the outcomes and their popular acceptance require verification separate from the opening itself. The opening ceremony took place at the presidential palace; plenary sessions began at the hotel the next day. The Sanaa glow identifies the city only.
Source: Yemen National Dialogue and Constitution Reform Trust Fund, annual report 2013
Armed takeover of the city of Amran in battles against government forces.
Amran · The Yemeni army and its allies
The date of the Amran takeover was fixed precisely from Reuters and Associated Press coverage of 8 July, in place of a Crisis Group report published before it happened.
Source: SWI swissinfo.ch (Reuters text, 8 July 2014) · Washington Post (Associated Press text, 8 July)
Takeover of sites in Sanaa, including a military command headquarters on 22 September.
Sanaa · Military headquarters and official institutions
Keeps the actual armed takeover apart from the recognition of the Hadi government. The earlier June 2014 source was replaced with sources from after the event.
Source: UN Panel of Experts 2019, paragraph 107 · Human Rights Watch, World Report 2015 · Al Jazeera, 21 September 2014
A military advance toward Aden that came before the coalition intervention.
South Yemen · Government positions near Aden
Direct context for the decision to intervene; the actor is not Saudi Arabia.
Source: Human Rights Watch, the conflict in Yemen · Human Rights Watch, Saada 2015
Shells from Houthi-held areas hit a gathering of civilians and boats of people fleeing.
Al-Tawahi, Aden · Civilians trying to leave Aden through the port of al-Tawahi
More than 40 killed and more than 60 wounded, per a UN expert panel report (UN expert panel; Amnesty International)
The actor is Yemeni and inside Aden, not a strike on Saudi Arabia; so it is in the context tab.
Source: UN Group of Experts A/HRC/42/CRP.1 (paragraph 131) · Amnesty International, testimonies of 13 May 2015
Mortar fire on civilian neighbourhoods.
Dar Saad, Aden · Residential neighbourhoods held by the forces opposed to them
About 100 killed, per Doctors Without Borders as cited in an HRW investigation (Human Rights Watch, the shelling of Aden)
Internal shelling, not a direct attack on Saudi forces.
Artillery and rocket fire on populated neighbourhoods.
Taiz · Neighbourhoods of the city of Taiz
At least 14 civilians killed in three attacks investigated by HRW (Human Rights Watch, the shelling of Taiz)
The number is for these events, not for all attacks in the governorate.
Interception of civilian goods and aid, and blocking their entry.
Taiz · Food and medicine supplies
The restrictions began during 2015 and continued into 2016; the details by month are from HRW.
Source: Human Rights Watch, the shelling of Taiz · Human Rights Watch, blocking of goods to Taiz
Continued restrictions on the entry of food and medicine during the internal siege.
Taiz · Aid and medical supplies
A continuation of the earlier period; no separate casualties are added, and it is not to be read as a Saudi blockade.
A helicopter attack hit a boat of migrants.
The Red Sea west of Yemen · A boat of migrants and refugees
Dozens of casualties, with no single figure established (Human Rights Watch, World Report 2018)
The perpetrator is not established; it is not attributed to Saudi Arabia only because coalition forces have aircraft.
Exchanged shelling on residential areas until early June.
Taiz · Civilian neighbourhoods on both sides
26 killed and 61 wounded in total; 19 killed and 59 wounded were attributed to the Houthis and Saleh (The UN human rights office, report A/HRC/36/33)
The tolls of the two sides are stated separately so they are not attributed to one party.
Internal clashes with Saleh's forces ended with his death.
Sanaa · Forces of Ali Abdullah Saleh
Ali Abdullah Saleh killed (Human Rights Watch, World Report 2018)
After the event, Saleh was no longer a military ally of the Houthis.
Gunfire on protesters, according to local accounts relayed by later investigations.
Al-Mahra · Protesters against the Saudi military presence
2 killed, according to unconfirmed local reports (Human Rights Watch, al-Mahra 2018)
The gunfire is not attributed directly to Saudi forces without evidence.
An explosion in a warehouse hit civilians.
Sawan, Sanaa · A warehouse near a school
Civilian casualties, with no verified count here (The listed source)
Independent documentation of the explosion; whether it was an air strike or an accident inside the warehouse is not settled.
Source: Human Rights Watch
Signing of the Saudi-mediated Riyadh Agreement between the Yemeni government and the Southern Transitional Council.
Riyadh
The signing took place on 5 November; the Security Council statement is dated 6 November. Implementation of the terms and the agreement's effect on the war require separate follow-up.
Houthi military expansion in areas held by the Yemeni government.
Marib and al-Jawf · Government forces' fronts
A long internal event, not a direct Saudi clash.
Source: Human Rights Watch
Forced expulsion of migrants toward the Saudi border.
Saada · Ethiopian migrants
Casualties according to a human rights investigation, without a precise total (The listed source)
An operation against migrants, not against Saudi forces.
Source: Human Rights Watch
Gunfire on migrants, according to testimonies collected by a human rights investigation.
The Saudi-Yemeni border · Migrants near the border
Casualties according to testimonies, without a precise total (The listed source)
Not an exchange of strikes between the two sides of the war.
Source: Human Rights Watch
Shelling of the Taiz prison compound.
Taiz · The central women's prison
8 killed and 9 wounded, as documented by Yemeni organisations (The listed source)
Those killed were five female prisoners, two girls and a policewoman.
Source: Human Rights Watch
A missile hit a residential area.
Marib · Al-Rawda quarter
1 killed and 9 injured, according to witnesses and reports (The listed source)
A human rights investigation collected testimony from a relative of the person killed.
Source: Human Rights Watch
Projectiles fired inside the detention centre caused a fire.
Sanaa · A migrant detention ward
Dozens of casualties, with no final verified number (The listed source)
Not an attack by the coalition.
Source: Human Rights Watch
A missile strike hit a market.
Marib · A fuel station in a market
2 killed and 7 wounded, according to witnesses (The listed source)
The organisation documented the effects of the strike with interviews and videos.
Source: Human Rights Watch
A siege imposed on populated areas during the military advance.
Al-Abdiyah, Marib · Populated areas
A continuing period inside Yemen.
Source: Human Rights Watch
A shell fell on the hospital and patients were evacuated.
Marib · Al-Abdiyah hospital
No deaths reported (The listed source)
Witness accounts and documented material in the report.
Source: Human Rights Watch
A missile strike on civilian homes.
Al-Juba, Marib · Civilian homes in the village of al-Amud
12 killed, according to a relative of the victims (The listed source)
Images and videos of the site were verified.
Source: Human Rights Watch
Gunfire on people fleeing during the air strike.
Saada · Detainees who tried to leave the centre after the air strike
16 deaths and 35 wounded by gunfire, within the wider hospital count (The specified source)
This is a sub-toll of the figure in the air strike row E3-022; not to be counted twice.
Source: Human Rights Watch and Mwatana
Use of explosive weapons and gunfire on people crossing the border during 2022.
The Saudi-Yemeni border · Migrants and asylum seekers
Casualty numbers for the period March 2022 to June 2023 cannot be divided by year (The specified source)
This row covers the year 2022 only; the total for the period across the two years is not moved into it.
Source: Human Rights Watch
Shells on a residential area during the truce.
Taiz · A residential quarter and children
1 child killed and 10 to 11 wounded, according to the UN and HRW (The specified source)
The event is established, but its attribution is not settled; actor unknown.
Source: United Nations · Human Rights Watch
A drone attack on a port held by the Yemeni government.
Shabwa · The al-Nushayma oil port
The period is dated between 18 and 19 October, according to the centre; inside Yemen, not against a Saudi target.
Source: Sanaa Center
A drone attack near oil shipping arrangements.
Hadramawt · The al-Dhabba oil export port
Different from the November strike on the same port.
Source: Sanaa Center
A government accusation of a drone attack on the port.
Shabwa · The Qena oil port
A letter reaching the UN does not turn the government's accusation into independent proof.
Source: Letter from the Yemeni government to the Security Council
Another attack on the port that disrupts oil shipping.
Hadramawt · The al-Dhabba oil port
The envoy confirmed the attack and gave the date of 21 November.
Source: UN envoy
The pattern of gunfire and explosive weapons on migrants trying to cross continued.
The Saudi-Yemeni border · Ethiopian migrants and asylum seekers
The investigation estimated hundreds killed over the whole of March 2022 to June 2023; there is no separate annual share for 2023 (The source named in sources)
The 2023 part of the field investigation; the casualty total is not added to 003-C3-013, and the combined number is not attributed to any one year.
Source: Human Rights Watch
Boarding and seizure of the ship and a crew of 25 people.
The southern Red Sea · The merchant ship Galaxy Leader and its crew
25 detained; not killed (The source named in sources)
A documented start of the series of ship seizures in this sample; the crew was released on 22 January 2025, in a separate row.
Source: International Maritime Organization, incident record · International Maritime Organization, release of the crew
A wave of drone and missile launches repelled by US and British ships.
The southern Red Sea · Warships and merchant ships in the Red Sea
No deaths reported in this event (The source named in sources)
The government source describes the attack as the largest at the time; this is not a measure across all Red Sea battles. Context retained from the former link field, rather than an automatic judgement between two rows: 'The joint UK government statement of 12 January 2024 says the strikes were in response to Red Sea attacks, including the attack of 9 January; it does not establish every justification or target.'
Start of joint US-British strikes on Houthi sites, which continued until the early hours of 12 January.
Sanaa, Saada, Hajjah, Hodeidah and other areas in Yemen · Houthi sites linked to missiles, drones and radar
The Houthis announced 5 fighters killed and 6 wounded; the UN said it could not verify the number (The source named in sources)
The United States and Britain, not Saudi Arabia; that these strikes belong to the context of the conflict does not establish that they were part of Saudi coalition operations.
Source: UK Ministry of Defence · United Nations
An additional round of joint strikes that announced it hit 18 targets at 8 sites.
Multiple sites in Yemen · Alleged Houthi missile stores, radars, drones and military sites
No independent casualty toll in the source (The source named in sources)
Confirmation that the sites were struck does not mean the military description of each target is correct; this round is not added to the whole series of US-British strikes.
A drone launched from Yemen hit a populated area in Tel Aviv.
Israel · A residential neighbourhood in Tel Aviv
1 civilian killed and 10 injured, according to a UN briefing (The source named in sources)
The specific drone model is a Houthi claim or Israeli assessment, separate from verification of the event. Context retained from the former link field, rather than an automatic judgement between two rows: 'Israeli leaders said the Hodeidah strike of 20 July responded to Houthi attacks, including the Tel Aviv drone attack of 19 July; this is confirmed in a Security Council briefing.'
Source: United Nations, Security Council briefing · UN Department of Political Affairs
Israeli air strikes on port and energy facilities in Hodeidah after the Tel Aviv attack.
Hodeidah, Yemen · Hodeidah port, oil tanks and a power station
Preliminary reports of deaths and more than 80 injured, per statements by the Houthi authorities relayed by the UN (The source named in sources)
The declared response link only; the justification of each target and the final casualty number are not taken from an Israeli or Houthi announcement alone.
Source: United Nations, Security Council briefing · Office of the Yemen envoy
Israeli air strikes on coastal installations and energy facilities, with damage to infrastructure.
Western Yemen and Sanaa · Energy and port infrastructure in Hodeidah, al-Salif, Ras Isa and Sanaa
Injuries circulated by the Houthi authorities; no independent number in the row (The source named in sources)
Start of the December round of escalation; the justifications of military targets are not treated as independent verification.
Source: Envoy/Security Council, December briefing · Security Council analysis
A missile launched from Yemen fell inside a civilian area after it got through the interception defences.
Israel · Residential areas near Tel Aviv/Jaffa
More than 16 injured, according to local reports compiled by Security Council Report (The source named in sources)
The number is from an analytical summary, not an independent check of each injured person.
Source: Security Council Report
Israeli air strikes on the airport and other facilities while a UN delegation was at the airport.
Sanaa, Hodeidah and western Yemen · Sanaa International Airport, the ports and power stations
At least three deaths and dozens injured, according to the UN; one of its humanitarian staff was injured (The source named in sources)
The UN's direct testimony of its delegation's presence and of its injured staff member; these strikes are not mixed with the round of 19 December.
Source: United Nations, statement by the Secretary-General · Security Council
Release of the ship's crew of 25 sailors after more than a year in detention.
Yemen/Oman · The crew of the ship Galaxy Leader
25 people released, not deaths (The source named in sources)
Linked to the seizure record C4-002, without counting it as a new attack.
Start of a large-scale US campaign of air strikes against Houthi sites.
Sanaa and areas in Yemen · Declared Houthi military sites and sites that were bombed
The Houthi authorities announced dozens killed; the first toll is not independent (The source named in sources)
A US campaign separate from the Saudi coalition command; 15 March is the start date, not a count of all the campaign's strikes.
Source: Reuters via Investing.com · Human Rights Watch
US strikes on the port of Ras Isa destroyed berthing areas, unloading facilities and tanks.
Hodeidah, Yemen · The Ras Isa export and import port and its fuel tanks
Airwars documented the names of 84 civilians killed; the investigation mentioned 80 or more; and more than 150 were wounded, per the sources HRW reviewed (The source named in sources)
HRW did not independently verify the identity of all victims, and criticised the strikes as a possible war crime; the estimates of 80 and 84 are not added together.
Source: Human Rights Watch
A missile launched from Yemen fell near the airport and temporarily disrupted traffic.
Near Tel Aviv, Israel · The area around Ben Gurion airport
8 people lightly injured, according to Israeli reports relayed by Reuters (The source named in sources)
The missile's fall is established; this does not establish claims about its specifications or the validity of all its declared targets. Context retained from the former link field, rather than an automatic judgement between two rows: 'Israel announced that the Sanaa strikes of 6 May were a response to the Ben Gurion airport missile attack of 4 May; the UN confirms the sequence of the two strikes.'
Source: Reuters · United Nations
Israeli strikes caused heavy damage to Sanaa airport and energy facilities after a missile attack near Ben Gurion.
Sanaa, Yemen · Sanaa International Airport, power stations and other civilian facilities
No independent death toll is established for this row (The source named in sources)
The response was announced by Israel; the military description of the targets and the amounts of munitions are the account of the striking party.
Source: United Nations, briefing of 6 May 2025 · Israeli military, statement on the 6 May operation
Announcement of a halt to mutual targeting between the United States and the Houthis, with Omani mediation.
The United States, Oman and the Red Sea · A halt to mutual attacks between Washington and Ansar Allah, and freedom of navigation for US ships
The agreement does not cover a halt to attacks on Israel; it is not a settlement of the Yemen war.
Source: Reuters via Yahoo News · Reuters, Arabic text
Maritime attacks resumed, sinking two separate merchant ships from 6 to 8 July.
The Red Sea · The merchant ships Magic Seas and Eternity C
At least 4 killed and 15 missing at the time of the UN announcement on 11 July; the toll is a total for both ships (The source named in sources)
A period row with two separate attacks on two ships; it does not stand for all attacks in 2025; the overall toll is not divided between them without a source.
Source: United Nations, statement by the Secretary-General · International Maritime Organization
An Israeli air strike hit the leadership of the Houthi government and killed its prime minister, Ahmed Ghaleb al-Rahawi, and several ministers.
Sanaa, Yemen · A meeting of ministers and officials of the Houthi authority
The prime minister and several ministers died, according to a Houthi statement; no complete numerical toll is established (The source named in sources)
28 August is the date of the attack; 30 August is the date the prime minister's death was announced. Not placed among direct Saudi actions.
Source: Reuters
The aircraft was diverted after the runway at Sanaa airport was bombed, then landed in Hodeidah.
Sanaa and Hodeidah, Yemen · An Iranian aircraft bound for Sanaa airport
No documented deaths from the diversion (The source in sources)
That the aircraft landed in Hodeidah is established; this does not establish all parties' claims about the Revolutionary Guard and munitions; the account of the cargo needs independent assessment.
The Houthis advanced and took control of al-Turbah, according to field coverage.
Al-Turbah, Taiz governorate · The town of al-Turbah and the supply road to Taiz
No independent toll in this row (The source in sources)
An internal Yemeni operation linked to the siege of Taiz, not necessarily a confrontation with Saudi units.
Source: Associated Press, 13 October
A projectile fell near the runway while an aircraft was waiting to land, according to the transport ministry.
Aden, Yemen · Aden International Airport as a flight from Cairo approached
No specific deaths for this attempt (The source in sources)
Saudi-supported forces run the airport, but targeting of a specific Saudi unit is not established; so it is in the context band.
Source: Reuters, 7 October
Missiles and drones hit the presidential palace compound in Aden.
Aden, Yemen · The Maashiq presidential palace; the Houthis claimed a Saudi command headquarters was there
5 killed and 16 wounded, according to the Yemeni government (The source in sources)
The target is the Yemeni government, and the claim that it was a Saudi command does not establish one was there; it belongs to the context band.
Source: Reuters, 15 October · The Guardian
Two missiles hit near Aden airport on Friday night, in a new and separate attack.
Aden, Yemen · Aden airport and a building near it
No casualties announced for this attack (The source in sources)
The civilian target is disputed; the Houthis said the intended target was a military site near the airport. Do not count it again with the 7 October attempt.
Source: Associated Press, 17 October
Update log
- 2026-10-19 [Published] Publication of the file.
What we left out
Examined and dropped, with the reason. Codes are shown as written.
- UNSTABLE-COUNT
A combined toll of 15 deaths from two attacks on fishing boats near Zuqar Island, August 2018
This combines two events. Each has its own toll recorded (003-E2-054 and 003-E2-064) to prevent double counting.
- UNSTABLE-COUNT
A later toll of 13 deaths at Riyadh airport, October 2026
Whether this toll covers one strike or several events must be established before adding it to 003-E5-012.
- NO-IDENTITY
9 ground attacks in 2024 attributed to the coalition by Mwatana
The annual briefing presents the attacks as an aggregate. Listing each as a separate event requires its date and location.
- NO-IDENTITY
Combined civilian deaths and injuries on the Saada border in 2023
The total covers deaths and injuries over a year. Attributing it entirely to Saudi Arabia requires a breakdown identifying the perpetrators of the events included.
Coverage limits
This reading draws on selected material from published sources. Documentation varies in density between periods and regions, and some rows summarize a period or several operations. Rows are therefore units of documentation; counting attacks or casualties first requires separating overlapping events and figures. Locations and dates retain the precision the sources allow. The glow highlights the selected event's location; its severity and effects are explained in the text and sources. An absent event or glow should be understood within these coverage limits. Material is reviewed up to the stated cutoff. Substantive corrections appear with dates and sources. Gaps in the material include 1976–1993 and 1996–1999. Coverage of the Saudi presence and local forces' roles in Al-Mahra and the south remains limited. Material for 2026 starts in July, leaving the first half of the year outside coverage. Some research and compilation stages used automated tools and agents, followed by editorial review of the final material. Corrections and comments: admin@doxascope.com The political transition additions cover the settlement's signing, the presidential ballot and the opening of the National Dialogue. The period's broader protests, violations and conflicts remain gaps in coverage.
Direct sources
UN Panel of ExpertsMwatana, annual briefing on human rights in 2024, Ground Attacks sectionUS Department of State, 2023 Yemen human rights report; ecoi.net copyCivilian Impact Monitoring Project, annual report 2023, p. 10